---
title: 1 Kings 10:20 (JPS 1917) — And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps; there was not the like made in any kingdom. Who acts: twelve lions, like. 1 Kings 10:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 10:20 · JPS 1917

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And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps; there was not the like made in any kingdom.

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**Who acts:** twelve lions, like · **What happens:** stand, not be, make · **To what, where:** one side, like, kingdom

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This is 1 Kings 10:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (twelve lions, like), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:399
# text = And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps; there was not the like made in any kingdom.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	other	other	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	20	expl	_	_
20	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	like	like	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
24	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | twelve lions |  |  | the one side and the other; there |  | upon the six steps | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location |
| 2 | **not** **be** | past | the like |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | the like *not said here* |  | any kingdom |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וּשְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר אֲרָיִ֗ים עֹמְדִ֥ים שָׁ֛ם עַל־שֵׁ֥שׁ הַֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת מִזֶּ֣ה וּמִזֶּ֑ה לֹֽא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן לְכָל־מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃

[1 Kings 10:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.10.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:399` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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