---
title: 1 Kings 10:23 (JPS 1917) — So king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth in riches and in… · tree and pragmatics
description: So king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth in riches and in wisdom. Who acts: king Solomon. 1 Kings 10:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 10:23 · JPS 1917

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So king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth in riches and in wisdom.

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**Who acts:** king Solomon · **What happens:** exceed · **To what, where:** kings

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This is 1 Kings 10:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king Solomon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:402
# text = So king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth in riches and in wisdom.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	king	king	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	exceeded	exceed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	riches	riches	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed polarity=pos

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exceed** | past | king Solomon | all kings of the earth |  |  |  | in riches and wisdom | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot king=Theme in riches=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּגְדַּל֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ לְעֹ֖שֶׁר וּלְחָכְמָֽה׃

[1 Kings 10:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.10.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:402` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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