---
title: 1 Kings 1:41 (JPS 1917) — And when Joab heard the sound of the horn, he said: 'Wherefore is th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Joab heard the sound of the horn, he said: 'Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?' Who acts: Joab, city. 1 Kings 1:41 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 1:41 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And when Joab heard the sound of the horn, he said: 'Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?'

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**Who acts:** Joab, city · **What happens:** hear, say, be · **To what, where:** sound, noise, uproar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 1:41 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:43
# text = And when Joab heard the sound of the horn, he said: 'Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
15	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
18	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	ccomp	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	cop	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	uproar	uproar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	acl	_	_
26	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Joab | the sound of the horn |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joab |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | this noise |  |  |  | of the city; wherefore *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | gerund | the city *not said here* |  |  | a uproar |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֲדֹנִיָּ֗הוּ וְכָל־הַקְּרֻאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וְהֵ֖ם כִּלּ֣וּ לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֥וּעַ קֽוֹל־הַקִּרְיָ֖ה הוֹמָֽה׃

[1 Kings 1:41: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.1.41/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had made an end of eating.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.42/)
2. **And when Joab heard the sound of the horn, he said: 'Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?'**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:43` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [1 Kings 1:41 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.42/)
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