---
title: 1 Kings 11:25 (JPS 1917) — And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that Hadad did; and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Aram. Who acts: Pharaoh, Hadad. 1 Kings 11:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 11:25 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that Hadad did; and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Aram.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Pharaoh, Hadad · **What happens:** be, do, abhor, reign · **To what, where:** adversary, Israel, mischief, Aram

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 11:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pharaoh, Hadad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:433
# text = And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that Hadad did; and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Aram.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	mischief	mischief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
18	Hadad	Hadad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	abhorred	abhor	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
24	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
28	over	over	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Aram	Aram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Pharaoh | a adversary | Israel | the mischief | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | past | Hadad | the mischief |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 3 | **abhor** | past | Pharaoh | Israel |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer israel=Stimulus |
| 4 | **reign** | past | Pharaoh *not said here* |  |  | Aram |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֨י שָׂטָ֤ן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וְאֶת־הָרָעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲדָ֑ד וַיָּ֙קָץ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ עַל־אֲרָֽם׃פ

[1 Kings 11:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.11.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:433` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [1 Kings 11:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.432/)
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