---
title: 1 Kings 11:30 (JPS 1917) — And Ahijah laid hold of the new garment that was on him, and rent it… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ahijah laid hold of the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces. Who acts: Ahijah, new garment. 1 Kings 11:30 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 11:30 · JPS 1917

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And Ahijah laid hold of the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces.

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**Who acts:** Ahijah, new garment · **What happens:** lay, be, rend, hold · **To what, where:** hold, twelve pieces, new garment

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This is 1 Kings 11:30 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ahijah, new garment), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:438
# text = And Ahijah laid hold of the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Ahijah	Ahijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	garment	garment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past | Ahijah | hold of the new garment |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Result |
| 2 | **is** | past | the new garment |  |  |  |  | on Jeroboam | tree rules |
| 3 | **rend** | past | Ahijah *not said here* | hold |  | twelve pieces |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 4 | **hold** |  |  | the new garment |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּתְפֹּ֣שׂ אֲחִיָּ֔ה בַּשַּׂלְמָ֥ה הַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֑יו וַיִּ֨קְרָעֶ֔הָ שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר קְרָעִֽים׃

[1 Kings 11:30: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.11.30/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:438` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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