--- title: 1 Kings 12:10 (JPS 1917) — And the young men that were grown up with him spoke unto him, saying… · tree and pragmatics description: And the young men that were grown up with him spoke unto him, saying: 'Thus shalt thou say unto this people that spoke unto thee, saying: Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou speak unto them: My little finger is thicker than my father's loins. Who acts: y --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.461/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/12/) / [12:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.10/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 12:10 · JPS 1917 And the young men that were grown up with him spoke unto him, saying: 'Thus shalt thou say unto this people that spoke unto thee, saying: Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou speak unto them: My little finger is thicker than my father's loins. **Who acts:** young men, thou, people, father, little finger · **What happens:** grow up, speak, say, make, be · **To what, where:** young men, yoke · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 12:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young men, thou, people, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:461 # text = And the young men that were grown up with him spoke unto him, saying: 'Thus shalt thou say unto this people that spoke unto thee, saying: Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou speak unto them: My little finger is thicker than my father's loins. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 grown grow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl:relcl _ _ 8 up up ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ _ 11 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 unto unto ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 17 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 18 Thus thus ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 19 shalt shall AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 20 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 21 nsubj _ _ 21 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 ccomp _ _ 22 unto unto ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 24 det _ _ 24 people people NOUN NNS Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 26 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 27 unto unto ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 26 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 advcl _ _ 31 : : PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 32 Thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 ccomp _ _ 35 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 yoke yoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 xcomp _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 but but CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 make make VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 41 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 40 nsubj _ _ 42 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 43 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 40 xcomp _ _ 44 unto unto ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 obl _ _ 46 ; ; PUNCT : _ 50 punct _ _ 47 thus thus ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 48 shalt shall AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 50 nsubj _ _ 50 speak speak VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 parataxis _ _ 51 unto unto ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 obl _ _ 53 : : PUNCT : _ 58 punct _ _ 54 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 56 nmod:poss _ _ 55 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 56 amod _ _ 56 finger finger NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 nsubj _ _ 57 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 58 cop _ _ 58 thicker thick ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 parataxis _ _ 59 than than ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 60 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 61 nmod:poss _ _ 61 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 63 nmod:poss _ _ 62 's 's PART POS _ 61 case _ _ 63 loins loin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 58 obl _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: other - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=other | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow up** | past · passive | | the young men | | | | with father | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with he=Instrument | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the young men | | | | | unto father | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the young men *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | thou | | | | | unto this people; thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | this people | | | | | unto thee | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | thou *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **make** | past | Thy father | our yoke | | | | heavy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yoke=Product | | 8 | **make** | infinitive | thou | yoke | | | | light *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | | 9 | **speak** *speech: other* | shall | thou | | | | | unto men *= man*; thus *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **is** | present | My little finger | | | | | than my father's loins; thick *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר גָּדְל֣וּ אִתּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֣ר לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבְּר֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יךָ לֵאמֹ֗ר אָבִ֙יךָ֙ הִכְבִּ֣יד אֶת־עֻלֵּ֔נוּ וְאַתָּ֖ה הָקֵ֣ל מֵעָלֵ֑ינוּ כֹּ֚ה תְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם קָֽטָנִּ֥י עָבָ֖ה מִמָּתְנֵ֥י אָבִֽי׃ [1 Kings 12:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:461` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 12:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.460/) - next →: [1 Kings 12:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.462/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 12:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.10/)