---
title: 1 Kings 12:11 (JPS 1917) — And now whereas my father did burden you with a heavy yoke, I will a… · tree and pragmatics
description: And now whereas my father did burden you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.' Who acts: father, I. 1 Kings 12:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 12:11 · JPS 1917

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And now whereas my father did burden you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.'

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**Who acts:** father, I · **What happens:** burden, add, chastise · **To what, where:** you

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This is 1 Kings 12:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:462
# text = And now whereas my father did burden you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
3	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	burden	burden	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	chastised	chastise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	whips	whip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	chastise	chastise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
32	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	scorpions	scorpion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
36	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burden** | past · do-support | my father |  | you |  |  | with a heavy yoke | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient with yoke=Theme |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | future | I |  |  |  | now | to your yoke | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent to yoke=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **chastise** | past | my father | you |  |  |  | with whips | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 4 | **chastise** | future | I | you |  |  |  | with scorpions | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְעַתָּ֗ה אָבִי֙ הֶעְמִ֤יס עֲלֵיכֶם֙ עֹ֣ל כָּבֵ֔ד וַאֲנִ֖י אוֹסִ֣יף עַֽל־עֻלְּכֶ֑ם אָבִ֗י יִסַּ֤ר אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּשּׁוֹטִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֕י אֲיַסֵּ֥ר אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַקְרַבִּֽים׃

[1 Kings 12:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:462` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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