---
title: 1 Kings 12:18 (JPS 1917) — Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israe… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died. Who acts: king Rehoboam, Adoram, Israel. 1 Kings 12:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 12:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died.

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**Who acts:** king Rehoboam, Adoram, Israel · **What happens:** send, be, stone, die · **To what, where:** Adoram, levy, Rehoboam

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This is 1 Kings 12:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king Rehoboam, Adoram, Israel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:469
# text = Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Rehoboam	Rehoboam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Adoram	Adoram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	levy	levy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	stoned	stone	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | king Rehoboam | Adoram |  |  | then |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adoram=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Adoram |  |  | the levy |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stone** | past | all Israel |  | Rehoboam |  |  | with stones | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Destination with stone=Theme |
| 4 | **die** | past | Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־אֲדֹרָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמַּ֔ס וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל בּ֛וֹ אֶ֖בֶן וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם הִתְאַמֵּץ֙ לַעֲל֣וֹת בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה לָנ֖וּס יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

[1 Kings 12:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.18/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died.**
2. [And king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.470/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:469` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [1 Kings 12:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.468/)
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