---
title: 1 Kings 12:20 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returne… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel; there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only. Who acts: house, Israel, stones, none. 1 Kings 12:20 in JPS 191
---

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# 1 Kings 12:20 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel; there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.

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**Who acts:** house, Israel, stones, none · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, return, send, call · **To what, where:** Jeroboam, Israel, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 12:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (house, Israel, stones, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:472
# text = And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel; there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	Jeroboam	Jeroboam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	xcomp	_	_
30	over	over	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	det	_	_
32	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
34	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	35	expl	_	_
35	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
36	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	35	nsubj	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
38	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	acl:relcl	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
44	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
49	only	only	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | house |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | house *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hear** | past | all Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **return** | past · passive |  | Jeroboam |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **send** | past | stones *= stone* |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **call** | past | stones *= stone* *not said here* |  | Israel |  |  | unto the congregation | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 7 | **make** | past | stones *= stone* *not said here* | Israel |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |
| 8 | **be** | past | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **follow** | past |  | the house of David but the tribe of Judah |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ב יָרָבְעָ֔ם וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֗וּ וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א הָיָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית־דָּוִ֔ד זוּלָתִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃

[1 Kings 12:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:472` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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