---
title: 1 Kings 12:23 (JPS 1917) — 'Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people, saying: Who acts: you. 1 Kings 12:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 12:23 · JPS 1917

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'Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people, saying:

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** speak, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 12:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:475
# text = 'Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people, saying:
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Rehoboam	Rehoboam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
33	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Rehoboam and all house of Judah and Benjamin and the rest of the people | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֱמֹ֗ר אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶל־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִנְיָמִ֑ין וְיֶ֥תֶר הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃

[1 Kings 12:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:475` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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