--- title: 1 Kings 13:2 (JPS 1917) — And he cried against the altar by the word of the LORD, and said: 'O… · tree and pragmatics description: And he cried against the altar by the word of the LORD, and said: 'O altar, altar, thus saith the LORD: Behold, a son shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he sacrifice the priests of the high places that offer upon thee, and men's bones shall they burn upon thee --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.487/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/13/) / [13:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.13.2/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 13:2 · JPS 1917 And he cried against the altar by the word of the LORD, and said: 'O altar, altar, thus saith the LORD: Behold, a son shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he sacrifice the priests of the high places that offer upon thee, and men's bones shall they burn upon thee.' **Who acts:** Jeroboam, LORD, high places, bones · **What happens:** cry, say, bear, sacrifice, offer, burn · **To what, where:** altar, son, priests, bones, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 13:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jeroboam, LORD, high places, bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:487 # text = And he cried against the altar by the word of the LORD, and said: 'O altar, altar, thus saith the LORD: Behold, a son shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he sacrifice the priests of the high places that offer upon thee, and men's bones shall they burn upon thee.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 cried cry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 against against ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 altar altar NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 17 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 18 O o INTJ UH _ 19 discourse _ _ 19 altar altar NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 vocative _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 altar altar NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 vocative _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 thus thus ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 ccomp _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 27 : : PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 28 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 34 discourse _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 parataxis _ _ 35 unto unto ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 Josiah Josiah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 appos _ _ 42 by by ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 44 ; ; PUNCT : _ 50 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 46 upon upon ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 50 obl _ _ 48 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 nsubj _ _ 50 sacrifice sacrifice VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 conj _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 priests priest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 obj _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 55 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 56 amod _ _ 56 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 52 nmod _ _ 57 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 58 nsubj _ _ 58 offer offer VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 56 acl:relcl _ _ 59 upon upon ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 60 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 58 obl _ _ 61 , , PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 62 and and CCONJ CC _ 68 cc _ _ 63 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 65 nmod:poss _ _ 64 's 's PART POS _ 63 case _ _ 65 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 68 obj _ _ 66 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 68 aux _ _ 67 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 68 nsubj _ _ 68 burn burn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 conj _ _ 69 upon upon ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 70 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 68 obl _ _ 71 . . PUNCT . _ 24 punct _ _ 72 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed polarity=neg | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Jeroboam | | | the altar | | by the word of the LORD | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against altar=Location | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jeroboam *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | altar *vocative*; altar *vocative*; thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **bear** | shall · passive | | a son | | | | unto the house of David | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 5 | **sacrifice** | shall | Jeroboam | the priests of the high places | | | | upon thee | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent priest=Theme | | 6 | **offer** | present | the high places | | | | | upon thee | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **burn** | shall | bones *= bone* | men's bones | | | | upon thee | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme | | 8 | **word** | | | the LORD | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּקְרָ֤א עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מִזְבֵּ֣חַ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּֽה־בֵ֞ן נוֹלָ֤ד לְבֵית־דָּוִד֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ שְׁמ֔וֹ וְזָבַ֣ח עָלֶ֗יךָ אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֤י הַבָּמוֹת֙ הַמַּקְטִרִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ וְעַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם יִשְׂרְפ֥וּ עָלֶֽיךָ׃ [1 Kings 13:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.13.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:487` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 13:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.486/) - next →: [1 Kings 13:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.488/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 13:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.13.2/)