---
title: 1 Kings 1:6 (JPS 1917) — And his father had not grieved him all his life in saying: 'Why hast… · tree and pragmatics
description: And his father had not grieved him all his life in saying: 'Why hast thou done so?' and he was also a very goodly man; and he was born after Absalom. Who acts: father, thou, king. 1 Kings 1:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 1:6 · JPS 1917

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And his father had not grieved him all his life in saying: 'Why hast thou done so?' and he was also a very goodly man; and he was born after Absalom.

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**Who acts:** father, thou, king · **What happens:** not grieve, say, do, be, bear · **To what, where:** king, goodly man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 1:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, thou, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:5
# text = And his father had not grieved him all his life in saying: 'Why hast thou done so?' and he was also a very goodly man; and he was born after Absalom.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	grieved	grieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
15	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
18	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
25	also	also	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	very	very	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	goodly	goodly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
35	after	after	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, indirect=0, polarity=none, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **grieve** | past · perfect | king's father | king |  |  |  | king's life *obl:unmarked* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | king's father *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | present · perfect | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | past | king | a goodly man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **bear** | past · passive |  | king |  |  | after Absalom |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְלֹֽא־עֲצָב֨וֹ אָבִ֤יו מִיָּמָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַדּ֖וּעַ כָּ֣כָה עָשִׂ֑יתָ וְגַם־ה֤וּא טֽוֹב־תֹּ֙אַר֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאֹת֥וֹ יָלְדָ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

[1 Kings 1:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.1.6/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:5` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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