---
title: 1 Kings 15:1 (JPS 1917) — Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat began A… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat began Abijam to reign over Judah. Who acts: Abijam. 1 Kings 15:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 15:1 · JPS 1917

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Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat began Abijam to reign over Judah.

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**Who acts:** Abijam · **What happens:** begin, reign · **To what, where:** Judah

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This is 1 Kings 15:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abijam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:555
# text = Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat began Abijam to reign over Judah.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	eighteenth	eighteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:desc	_	_
8	Jeroboam	Jeroboam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Nebat	Nebat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	Abijam	Abijam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Abijam |  |  |  | year |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Abijam *not said here* |  |  | Judah |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וּבִשְׁנַת֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט מָלַ֥ךְ אֲבִיָּ֖ם עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃

[1 Kings 15:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:555` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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