---
title: 1 Kings 15:20 (JPS 1917) — And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-maacah, and all Chinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali. Who acts: Ben. 1 Kings 15:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# 1 Kings 15:20 · JPS 1917

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And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-maacah, and all Chinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali.

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**Who acts:** Ben · **What happens:** hearken, send, smote · **To what, where:** captains, Ijon

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This is 1 Kings 15:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ben), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:575
# text = And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-maacah, and all Chinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	_
4	hadad	hadad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
5	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	Asa	Asa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	armies	army	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	against	against	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
25	Ijon	Ijon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Dan	Dan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	Abel	Abel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	33	punct	_	_
33	beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	_
35	maacah	maacah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	39	det	_	_
39	Chinneroth	Chinneroth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	44	det:predet	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	Naphtali	Naphtali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** | past | Ben |  |  |  |  | unto king | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | past | Ben *not said here* | the captains of king's armies |  |  |  | against the cities of Israel | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent captain=Theme |
| 3 | **smote** | past | Ben *not said here* | Ijon and Dan and Abel and all Chinneroth |  |  |  | with all land of Naphtali | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע בֶּנ־הֲדַ֜דבֶּנ־הֲדַ֜ד אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ עַל־עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עִיּ֣וֹן וְאֶת־דָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑האָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּנְר֔וֹת עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ נַפְתָּלִֽי׃

[1 Kings 15:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:575` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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