---
title: 1 Kings 2:5 (JPS 1917) — Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his 
---

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# 1 Kings 2:5 · JPS 1917

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Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

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**Who acts:** thou, Joab, girdle, shoes · **What happens:** know, do, slay, shed, put, be · **To what, where:** son, blood, peace, girdle, feet · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 2:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, Joab, girdle, shoes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:62
# text = Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.
1	Moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
6	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Zeruiah	Zeruiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	obl	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Ner	Ner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Amasa	Amasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	appos	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Jether	Jether	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	45	obj	_	_
44	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	shed	shed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	conj	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
57	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	conj	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obj	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	_
62	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	64	nmod:poss	_	_
64	girdle	girdle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	_
65	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	69	nsubj	_	_
66	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	69	cop	_	_
67	about	about	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	69	nmod:poss	_	_
69	loins	loin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	64	acl:relcl	_	_
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	74	punct	_	_
71	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	74	cc	_	_
72	in	in	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
73	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	74	nmod:poss	_	_
74	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	64	conj	_	_
75	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	79	nsubj	_	_
76	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	79	cop	_	_
77	on	on	ADP	IN	_	79	case	_	_
78	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	79	nmod:poss	_	_
79	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	74	acl:relcl	_	_
80	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | moreover *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | past | Joab |  |  |  |  | unto me; unto Abner and Amasa | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | past | Joab |  |  |  |  | to the two captains of the hosts of Israel | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **slay** | past | Joab | the son of Ner |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Patient |
| 5 | **shed** | past | Joab *not said here* | the blood of war |  | peace |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location blood=Source |
| 6 | **put** | past | Joab *not said here* | the blood of war |  | Israel's girdle and Israel's shoes |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme upon girdle=Destination |
| 7 | **is** | past | Israel's girdle and Israel's shoes |  |  |  |  | about Israel's loins | tree rules |
| 8 | **is** | past | Israel's shoes |  |  | Israel's feet |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְגַ֣ם אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֨שָׂה לִ֜י יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֣י צִבְא֣וֹת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לְאַבְנֵ֨ר בֶּן־נֵ֜ר וְלַעֲמָשָׂ֤א בֶן־יֶ֙תֶר֙ וַיַּ֣הַרְגֵ֔ם וַיָּ֥שֶׂם דְּמֵֽי־מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֞ן דְּמֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֗ה בַּחֲגֹֽרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמָתְנָ֔יו וּֽבְנַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃

[1 Kings 2:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:62` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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