---
title: 1 Kings 16:33 (JPS 1917) — And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, than all the kings of Israel that were before him. Who acts: Ahab, kings. 1 Kings 16:33 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 16:33 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, than all the kings of Israel that were before him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ahab, kings · **What happens:** make, do, provoke, be · **To what, where:** Asherah, LORD

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 16:33 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ahab, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:624
# text = And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, than all the kings of Israel that were before him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Asherah	Asherah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	provoke	provoke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	25	det:predet	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	before	before	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	acl:relcl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Ahab | the Asherah |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent asherah=Product |
| 2 | **do** | past | Ahab |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **provoke** | to-infinitive | Ahab *not said here* | the LORD |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lord=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | past | all kings of Israel |  |  |  | before Israel |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וַיּ֨וֹסֶף אַחְאָ֜ב לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֨ל מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃

[1 Kings 16:33: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.33/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:624` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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