---
title: 1 Kings 18:3 (JPS 1917) — And Ahab called Obadiah, who was over the household. — Now Obadiah f… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ahab called Obadiah, who was over the household. — Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly; Who acts: Ahab, Obadiah. 1 Kings 18:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 18:3 · JPS 1917

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And Ahab called Obadiah, who was over the household. — Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly;

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**Who acts:** Ahab, Obadiah · **What happens:** call, be, fear · **To what, where:** Obadiah, household, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 18:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ahab, Obadiah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:653
# text = And Ahab called Obadiah, who was over the household. — Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Obadiah	Obadiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	Now	now	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	Obadiah	Obadiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | Ahab |  | Obadiah |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent obadiah=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | past | Obadiah |  |  | the household |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fear** | past | Obadiah | the LORD |  |  | now | greatly *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lord=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּקְרָ֣א אַחְאָ֔ב אֶל־עֹבַדְיָ֖הוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וְעֹבַדְיָ֗הוּ הָיָ֥ה יָרֵ֛א אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃

[1 Kings 18:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:653` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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