---
title: 1 Kings 18:9 (JPS 1917) — And he said: 'Wherein have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said: 'Wherein have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me? Who acts: Elijah, I, thou. 1 Kings 18:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 18:9 · JPS 1917

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And he said: 'Wherein have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me?

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**Who acts:** Elijah, I, thou · **What happens:** say, sin, deliver, slay · **To what, where:** servant, hand, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 18:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:659
# text = And he said: 'Wherein have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
6	Wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	obl	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sinned	sin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
13	wouldest	would	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sin** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **deliver** | would | thou | thy servant |  | the hand of Ahab |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent servant=Patient |
| 4 | **slay** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה חָטָ֑אתִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה נֹתֵ֧ן אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֛ בְּיַד־אַחְאָ֖ב לַהֲמִיתֵֽנִי׃

[1 Kings 18:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:659` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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