---
title: 1 Kings 18:17 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him:… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him: 'Is it thou, thou troubler of Israel?' Who acts: famine, Ahab, thou. 1 Kings 18:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 18:17 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him: 'Is it thou, thou troubler of Israel?'

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**Who acts:** famine, Ahab, thou · **What happens:** come, pass, see, say, be, troubler · **To what, where:** Elijah, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 18:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (famine, Ahab, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:667
# text = And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him: 'Is it thou, thou troubler of Israel?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
19	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	ccomp	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nsubj	_	_
24	troubler	troubler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | famine |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | famine *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | past | Ahab | Elijah |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer elijah=Stimulus |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ahab |  |  |  |  | unto Elijah | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | famine | thou |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **troubler** |  | thou |  |  |  |  | of Israel | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֛י כִּרְא֥וֹת אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ אֵלָ֔יו הַאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה עֹכֵ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

[1 Kings 18:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:667` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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