---
title: 1 Kings 18:22 (JPS 1917) — Then said Elijah unto the people: 'I, even I only, am left a prophet… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Elijah unto the people: 'I, even I only, am left a prophet of the LORD; but Baal's prophets are four hundred and fifty men. Who acts: Elijah, prophets. 1 Kings 18:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 18:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then said Elijah unto the people: 'I, even I only, am left a prophet of the LORD; but Baal's prophets are four hundred and fifty men.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Elijah, prophets · **What happens:** say, leave, be · **To what, where:** I, hundred men · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 18:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah, prophets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:672
# text = Then said Elijah unto the people: 'I, even I only, am left a prophet of the LORD; but Baal's prophets are four hundred and fifty men.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	even	even	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	appos	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
15	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	prophet	prophet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
24	Baal	Baal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	's	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
28	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	compound	_	_
29	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	conj	_	_
32	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah |  |  |  | then | unto the people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Baal's prophets | hundred men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אֲנִ֞י נוֹתַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה לְבַדִּ֑י וּנְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֔עַל אַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃

[1 Kings 18:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:672` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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