--- title: 1 Kings 18:27 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said: 'Cry… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said: 'Cry aloud; for he is a god; either he is musing, or he is gone aside, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked.' Who acts: Elijah. 1 Kings 18:27 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.678/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/) / [18:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.27/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 18:27 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said: 'Cry aloud; for he is a god; either he is musing, or he is gone aside, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked.' **Who acts:** Elijah · **What happens:** come, pass, mock, say, cry, be · **To what, where:** altar, bullocks, god, journey · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 18:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:678 # text = And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said: 'Cry aloud; for he is a god; either he is musing, or he is gone aside, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 expl _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 noon noon NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 that that SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 10 Elijah Elijah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 mocked mock VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 csubj _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 17 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 18 Cry cry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 ccomp _ _ 19 aloud aloud ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 21 for for SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 22 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 god god NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 advcl _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 27 either either CCONJ CC _ 30 cc:preconj _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 musing muse VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 parataxis _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 30 conj _ _ 36 aside aside ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 38 or or CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 journey journey NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 45 or or CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 46 peradventure peradventure ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ _ 47 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 48 sleepeth sleep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 51 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 52 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 53 aux:pass _ _ 53 awaked awake VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 48 conj _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ 55 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | | altar | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | noon | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **mock** | past | Elijah | bullocks *= bullock* | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | | | | | | aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | present | Elijah | a god | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **muse** | present · progressive | Elijah | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **go** | present · passive | Elijah | | | | | aside *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **is** | present | Elijah | | | a journey | | | tree rules | | 10 | **sleep** | present | Elijah | | | | | peradventure *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **awake** | must · passive | Elijah *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֨י בַֽצָּהֳרַ֜יִם וַיְהַתֵּ֧ל בָּהֶ֣ם אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ קִרְא֤וּ בְקוֹל־גָּדוֹל֙ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים ה֔וּא כִּ֣י שִׂ֧יחַ וְכִֽי־שִׂ֛יג ל֖וֹ וְכִֽי־דֶ֣רֶךְ ל֑וֹ אוּלַ֛י יָשֵׁ֥ן ה֖וּא וְיִקָֽץ׃ [1 Kings 18:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.27/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:678` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 18:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.677/) - next →: [1 Kings 18:28 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.679/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 18:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.27/)