--- title: 1 Kings 18:31 (JPS 1917) — And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes… · tree and pragmatics description: And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying: 'Israel shall be thy name.' Who acts: Elijah, word, Israel. 1 Kings 18:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.683/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/) / [18:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.31/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 18:31 · JPS 1917 And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying: 'Israel shall be thy name.' **Who acts:** Elijah, word, Israel · **What happens:** take, come, say, be, word · **To what, where:** twelve stones, name, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 18:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah, word, Israel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:683 # text = And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying: 'Israel shall be thy name.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Elijah Elijah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 twelve twelve NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 according according ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 7 fixed _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 tribes tribe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 sons son NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Jacob Jacob PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 20 unto unto ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 obl _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl:relcl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 30 : : PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 31 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 36 punct _ _ 32 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 33 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 34 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 36 cop _ _ 35 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 ccomp _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 36 punct _ _ 38 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | Elijah | twelve stones | | | | according the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme | | 2 | **come** | past | the word of the LORD | | | | | unto Jacob | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the word of the LORD *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | shall | Israel | thy name | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **word** | | | the LORD | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ אֲבָנִ֔ים כְּמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֑ב אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ [1 Kings 18:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:683` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 18:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.682/) - next →: [1 Kings 18:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.684/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 18:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.31/)