---
title: 1 Kings 18:43 (JPS 1917) — And he said to his servant: 'Go up now, look toward the sea.' And he… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said to his servant: 'Go up now, look toward the sea.' And he went up, and looked, and said: 'There is nothing.' And he said: 'Go again seven times.' Who acts: Elijah, nothing. 1 Kings 18:43 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 18:43 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said to his servant: 'Go up now, look toward the sea.' And he went up, and looked, and said: 'There is nothing.' And he said: 'Go again seven times.'

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**Who acts:** Elijah, nothing · **What happens:** say, go up, look, be, go · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 18:43 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah, nothing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:697
# text = And he said to his servant: 'Go up now, look toward the sea.' And he went up, and looked, and said: 'There is nothing.' And he said: 'Go again seven times.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	up	up	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
19	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	_
31	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	32	expl	_	_
32	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	ccomp	_	_
33	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	32	nsubj	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
36	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
39	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
40	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	_
41	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	38	ccomp	_	_
42	again	again	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
43	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	44	nummod	_	_
44	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl:unmarked	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	41	punct	_	_
46	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	41	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah |  |  |  |  | to Elijah's servant | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to servant=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go up** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | now |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | toward the sea | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent toward sea=Theme |
| 4 | **go up** | past | Elijah |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **look** | past | Elijah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **be** | present | nothing |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 9 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | again; time |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶֽל־נַעֲר֗וֹ עֲלֵֽה־נָא֙ הַבֵּ֣ט דֶּֽרֶךְ־יָ֔ם וַיַּ֙עַל֙ וַיַּבֵּ֔ט וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵ֣ין מְא֑וּמָה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שֻׁ֖ב שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃

[1 Kings 18:43: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.43/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:697` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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