--- title: 1 Kings 18:44 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said: 'Behold, ther… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said: 'Behold, there ariseth a cloud out of the sea, as small as a man's hand.' And he said: 'Go up, say unto Ahab: Make ready thy chariot, and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not.' Who acts: sea, Elijah, cloud, rain. 1 Kings 18:44 in JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.698/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/18/) / [18:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.44/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 18:44 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said: 'Behold, there ariseth a cloud out of the sea, as small as a man's hand.' And he said: 'Go up, say unto Ahab: Make ready thy chariot, and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not.' **Who acts:** sea, Elijah, cloud, rain · **What happens:** come, pass, say, arise, go up, make · **To what, where:** sea, chariot, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 18:44 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea, Elijah, cloud, rain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:698 # text = And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said: 'Behold, there ariseth a cloud out of the sea, as small as a man's hand.' And he said: 'Go up, say unto Ahab: Make ready thy chariot, and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 seventh seventh ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 9 amod _ _ 9 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 15 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 16 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 19 discourse _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 18 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 19 expl _ _ 19 ariseth arise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 22 out out ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 as as ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 29 as as ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod:poss _ _ 32 's 's PART POS _ 31 case _ _ 33 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ 35 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 36 And and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 39 : : PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 40 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 41 punct _ _ 41 Go go VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 38 ccomp _ _ 42 up up ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 44 say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 41 conj _ _ 45 unto unto ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 Ahab Ahab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 47 : : PUNCT : _ 48 punct _ _ 48 Make make VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 44 ccomp _ _ 49 ready ready ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 xcomp _ _ 50 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 51 nmod:poss _ _ 51 chariot chariot NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ _ 52 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 53 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 54 get get VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 48 conj _ _ 55 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 54 obj _ _ 56 down down ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 57 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 58 that that SCONJ IN _ 61 mark _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 nsubj _ _ 61 stop stop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 54 advcl _ _ 62 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 61 obj _ _ 63 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 61 advmod _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 38 punct _ _ 65 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | sea | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | sea *not said here* | | | | time | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **arise** | present | a cloud | | | the sea; there | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out sea=Location | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elijah | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **go up** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | | | | | | unto Ahab | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **make** | infinitive | | thy chariot | | | | ready *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chariot=Product | | 9 | **get down** | infinitive | | thee | | | | down *property* | tree rules | | 10 | **not** **stop** | infinitive | the rain | thee | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality thou=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּשְּׁבִעִ֔ית וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּה־עָ֛ב קְטַנָּ֥ה כְּכַף־אִ֖ישׁ עֹלָ֣ה מִיָּ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עֲלֵ֨ה אֱמֹ֤ר אֶל־אַחְאָב֙ אֱסֹ֣ר וָרֵ֔ד וְלֹ֥א יַעַצָרְכָ֖ה הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ [1 Kings 18:44: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.44/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:698` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 18:43 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.697/) - next →: [1 Kings 18:45 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.699/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 18:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.44/)