---
title: 1 Kings 19:2 (JPS 1917) — Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to-morrow about this time.' Who acts: Jezebel, gods, I. 1 Kings 19:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 19:2 · JPS 1917

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Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to-morrow about this time.'

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**Who acts:** Jezebel, gods, I · **What happens:** send, say, let, do, not make · **To what, where:** messenger, gods, me, life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 19:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jezebel, gods, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:703
# text = Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying: 'So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to-morrow about this time.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Jezebel	Jezebel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
12	So	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
22	also	also	ADV	RB	_	16	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
28	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nmod	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	40	punct	_	_
40	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
41	about	about	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	43	det	_	_
43	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod:unmarked	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
45	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: other
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Jezebel | a messenger |  |  | then | unto Elijah | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Jezebel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive |  | the gods |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | infinitive | the gods *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **make** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I | thy life |  |  |  | as the life of one of gods; by morrow about this time | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִיזֶ֙בֶל֙ מַלְאָ֔ךְ אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשׂ֤וּן אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִפ֔וּן כִּֽי־כָעֵ֤ת מָחָר֙ אָשִׂ֣ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֔ כְּנֶ֖פֶשׁ אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃

[1 Kings 19:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:703` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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