---
title: 1 Kings 19:5 (JPS 1917) — And he lay down and slept under a broom-tree; and, behold, an angel… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he lay down and slept under a broom-tree; and, behold, an angel touched him, and said unto him: 'Arise and eat.' Who acts: Jezebel, angel. 1 Kings 19:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 19:5 · JPS 1917

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And he lay down and slept under a broom-tree; and, behold, an angel touched him, and said unto him: 'Arise and eat.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jezebel, angel · **What happens:** lie down, sleep, touch, say, arise, eat · **To what, where:** broom tree, Jezebel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 19:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jezebel, angel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:706
# text = And he lay down and slept under a broom-tree; and, behold, an angel touched him, and said unto him: 'Arise and eat.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	broom	broom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	19	discourse	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
24	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Arise	arise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	ccomp	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie down** | past | Jezebel |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sleep** | past | Jezebel *not said here* |  |  | a broom tree |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **touch** | past | a angel | Jezebel |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a angel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Jezebel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **arise** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **eat** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ וַיִּישַׁ֔ן תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם אֶחָ֑ד וְהִנֵּֽה־זֶ֤ה מַלְאָךְ֙ נֹגֵ֣עַ בּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ק֥וּם אֱכֽוֹל׃

[1 Kings 19:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:706` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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