--- title: 1 Kings 19:13 (JPS 1917) — And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his… · tree and pragmatics description: And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave. Who acts: it, Elijah. 1 Kings 19:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.715/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/19/) / [19:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.13/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 19:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave. **Who acts:** it, Elijah · **What happens:** be, hear, wrap, go out, stand · **To what, where:** earthquake, face, mantle, entrance This is 1 Kings 19:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, Elijah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:715 # text = And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 so so ADV RB _ 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 when when SCONJ WRB _ 8 mark _ _ 7 Elijah Elijah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 wrapped wrap VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 mantle mantle NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 22 out out ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 entrance entrance NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | it | | | | | so *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **hear** | past | Elijah | earthquake | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 3 | **wrap** | past | Elijah | Elijah's face | | Elijah's mantle | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent face=Theme in mantle=Destination | | 4 | **go out** | past | Elijah *not said here* | | | | | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stand** | past | Elijah *not said here* | | | the entrance of the cave | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in entrance=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיָּ֤לֶט פָּנָיו֙ בְּאַדַּרְתּ֔וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֕א וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ ק֔וֹל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹ֖ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ [1 Kings 19:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.13/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. **And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave.** 2. [And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said: 'What doest thou here, Elijah?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.716/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:715` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 19:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.714/) - next →: [1 Kings 19:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.716/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 19:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.13/)