---
title: 1 Kings 19:13 (JPS 1917) — And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said: 'What doest thou… · tree and pragmatics
description: And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said: 'What doest thou here, Elijah?' Who acts: voice. 1 Kings 19:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 19:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said: 'What doest thou here, Elijah?'

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**Who acts:** voice · **What happens:** come, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 19:13 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:716
# text = And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said: 'What doest thou here, Elijah?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
16	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	obj	_	_
17	doest	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
18	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
19	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	vocative	_	_
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed indirect=0

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a voice |  |  | there |  | unto Elijah | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיָּ֤לֶט פָּנָיו֙ בְּאַדַּרְתּ֔וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֕א וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ ק֔וֹל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹ֖ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃

[1 Kings 19:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.13/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.715/)
2. **And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said: 'What doest thou here, Elijah?'**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:716` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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