---
title: 1 Kings 19:18 (JPS 1917) — Yet will I leave seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have… · tree and pragmatics
description: Yet will I leave seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.' Who acts: I, knees, mouth. 1 Kings 19:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 19:18 · JPS 1917

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Yet will I leave seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.'

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**Who acts:** I, knees, mouth · **What happens:** leave, not bow, not kiss · **To what, where:** seven thousand, Israel

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This is 1 Kings 19:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, knees, mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:721
# text = Yet will I leave seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.'
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	compound	_	_
6	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	bowed	bow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Baal	Baal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
24	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | future | I | seven thousand |  | Israel |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme in israel=Location |
| 2 | **not** **bow** | present · perfect | all knees and every mouth |  |  |  |  | unto Baal | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **kiss** | present · perfect | every mouth | Israel |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְהִשְׁאַרְתִּ֥י בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֑ים כָּל־הַבִּרְכַּ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־כָֽרְעוּ֙ לַבַּ֔עַל וְכָ֨ל־הַפֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־נָשַׁ֖ק לֽוֹ׃

[1 Kings 19:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.19.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:721` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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