---
title: 1 Kings 20:8 (JPS 1917) — And all the elders and all the people said unto him: 'Hearken thou n… · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the elders and all the people said unto him: 'Hearken thou not, neither consent.' Who acts: elders, thou. 1 Kings 20:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 20:8 · JPS 1917

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And all the elders and all the people said unto him: 'Hearken thou not, neither consent.'

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**Who acts:** elders, thou · **What happens:** say, not hearken, consent · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 20:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elders, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:733
# text = And all the elders and all the people said unto him: 'Hearken thou not, neither consent.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
15	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	19	cc	_	_
19	consent	consent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | all elders and all people |  |  |  |  | unto king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **hearken** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **consent** | infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו כָּל־הַזְּקֵנִ֖ים וְכָל־הָעָ֑ם אַל־תִּשְׁמַ֖ע וְל֥וֹא תֹאבֶֽה׃

[1 Kings 20:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:733` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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