---
title: 1 Kings 20:10 (JPS 1917) — And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said: 'The gods do so unto me, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said: 'The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.' Who acts: Ben hadad, gods, dust, people. 1 Kings 20:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 20:10 · JPS 1917

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And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said: 'The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.'

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**Who acts:** Ben hadad, gods, dust, people · **What happens:** send, say, do, suffice, follow · **To what, where:** me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 20:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ben hadad, gods, dust, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:735
# text = And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said: 'The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	_
4	hadad	hadad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	_
13	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
22	also	also	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
24	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	suffice	suffice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	handfuls	handful	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	36	det:predet	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
38	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	acl:relcl	_	_
39	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	38	obj	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Ben hadad |  |  |  |  | unto king | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ben hadad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | present | the gods |  |  |  |  | unto me | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **suffice** *a condition, not said to happen* | shall | the dust of Samaria |  |  |  |  | for handfuls for all people | tree rules |
| 5 | **follow** | present | all people | me |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֵלָיו֙ בֶּנ־הֲדַ֔דבֶּנ־הֲדַ֔ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשׂ֥וּן לִ֛י אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֑פוּ אִם־יִשְׂפֹּק֙ עֲפַ֣ר שֹׁמְר֔וֹן לִשְׁעָלִ֕ים לְכָל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽי׃

[1 Kings 20:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:735` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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