--- title: 1 Kings 20:12 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was dr… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings, in the booths, that he said unto his servants: 'Set yourselves in array.' And they set themselves in array against the city. Who acts: armour, Ben hadad, hadad, servants. 1 Kings 20:12 in JPS 1917 with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.737/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / [20:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.12/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 20:12 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings, in the booths, that he said unto his servants: 'Set yourselves in array.' And they set themselves in array against the city. **Who acts:** armour, Ben hadad, hadad, servants · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, drink, say, set · **To what, where:** message, yourselves, array, servants · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 20:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (armour, Ben hadad, hadad, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:737 # text = And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings, in the booths, that he said unto his servants: 'Set yourselves in array.' And they set themselves in array against the city. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 csubj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 11 mark _ _ 8 Ben Ben PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 9 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 8 punct _ _ 10 hadad hadad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 12 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 13 det _ _ 13 message message NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 as as SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 drinking drink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 booths booth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 that that SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 30 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 32 unto unto ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 35 : : PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 36 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 37 punct _ _ 37 Set set VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 ccomp _ _ 38 yourselves yourselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 37 obj _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 array array NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 37 punct _ _ 42 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 37 punct _ _ 43 And and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 set set VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 46 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 45 obj _ _ 47 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 array array NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 49 against against ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | armour | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **hear** | past | Ben hadad | this message | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer message=Stimulus | | 4 | **drink** | past · progressive | hadad | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | hadad | | | | | unto king's servants | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **set** | infinitive | | yourselves | | array | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent yourselves=Theme in array=Destination | | 7 | **set** | past | servants *= servant* | servants *= servant* | | array | | against the city | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme in array=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְה֥וּא שֹׁתֶ֛ה ה֥וּא וְהַמְּלָכִ֖ים בַּסֻּכּ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ שִׂ֔ימוּ וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ עַל־הָעִֽיר׃ [1 Kings 20:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:737` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.736/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.738/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.12/)