---
title: 1 Kings 20:18 (JPS 1917) — And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive;… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they are come out for war, take them alive.' Who acts: man. 1 Kings 20:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 20:18 · JPS 1917

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And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they are come out for war, take them alive.'

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** say, come out, take · **To what, where:** provinces · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 20:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:744
# text = And he said: 'Whether they are come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they are come out for war, take them alive.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
6	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	_
10	out	out	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
19	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	advcl	_	_
23	out	out	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	xcomp	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come out** | present · passive |  | provinces *= province* |  |  |  | for peace; out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **take** | infinitive |  | provinces *= province* |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **come out** | present · passive |  | provinces *= province* |  |  |  | for war; out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 5 | **take** | infinitive |  | provinces *= province* |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אִם־לְשָׁל֥וֹם יָצָ֖אוּ תִּפְשׂ֣וּם חַיִּ֑ים וְאִ֧ם לְמִלְחָמָ֛ה יָצָ֖אוּ חַיִּ֥ים תִּפְשֽׂוּם׃

[1 Kings 20:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:744` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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