---
title: 1 Kings 20:20 (JPS 1917) — And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel p… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen. Who acts: provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad. 1 Kings 20:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 20:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad · **What happens:** slay, flee, pursue, escape · **To what, where:** one, provinces

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 20:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:746
# text = And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Arameans	Aramean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	pursued	pursue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
20	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	_
22	hadad	Ben-hadad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Aram	Aram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | past | provinces *= province* | every one |  |  |  | man's man *nmod:unmarked* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **flee** | past | the Arameans |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pursue** | past | Israel | provinces *= province* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **escape** | past | Ben hadad |  |  |  |  | on a horse; with horsemen | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֔וֹ וַיָּנֻ֣סוּ אֲרָ֔ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם עַל־ס֖וּס וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃

[1 Kings 20:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:746` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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