---
title: 1 Kings 20:22 (JPS 1917) — And the prophet came near to the king of Israel, and said unto him:… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the prophet came near to the king of Israel, and said unto him: 'Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest; for at the return of the year the king of Aram will come up against thee.' Who acts: prophet, thou, king, year. 1 Kings 20:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# 1 Kings 20:22 · JPS 1917

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And the prophet came near to the king of Israel, and said unto him: 'Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest; for at the return of the year the king of Aram will come up against thee.'

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**Who acts:** prophet, thou, king, year · **What happens:** come near, say, go, strengthen, mark, see · **To what, where:** thyself, return · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 20:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prophet, thou, king, year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:748
# text = And the prophet came near to the king of Israel, and said unto him: 'Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest; for at the return of the year the king of Aram will come up against thee.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	prophet	prophet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	RB	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
21	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	20	obj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	mark	mark	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
28	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	30	obj	_	_
29	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj	_	_
30	doest	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	ccomp	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
32	for	for	CCONJ	IN	_	44	cc	_	_
33	at	at	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Aram	Aram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	44	aux	_	_
44	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	parataxis	_	_
45	up	up	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
46	against	against	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	44	obl	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
49	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come near** | past | the prophet |  |  |  |  | to the king of Israel | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to king=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the prophet *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **strengthen** | infinitive |  | thyself |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent thyself=Patient |
| 5 | **mark** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **see** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **do** | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 8 | **come up** | future | the king of Aram |  |  | the return of the year |  | against thee | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at return=Location |
| 9 | **return** |  | the year |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ הַנָּבִיא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ לֵ֣ךְ הִתְחַזַּ֔ק וְדַ֥ע וּרְאֵ֖ה אֵ֣ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה כִּ֚י לִתְשׁוּבַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֔ה מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָ֖ם עֹלֶ֥ה עָלֶֽיךָ׃ס

[1 Kings 20:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:748` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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