---
title: 1 Kings 20:25 (JPS 1917) — and number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse fo… · tree and pragmatics
description: and number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot; and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.' And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so. Who acts: you, thou, we, army. 1 Kings 20:25 in JPS 1917 with 
---

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# 1 Kings 20:25 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot; and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.' And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, thou, we, army · **What happens:** number, lose, fight, be, hearken, do · **To what, where:** army, thee, plain

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 20:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, thou, we, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:751
# text = and number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot; and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.' And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	number	number	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	iobj	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
11	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
12	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
28	against	against	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
35	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
36	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
37	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	cop	_	_
39	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
40	than	than	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
43	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
44	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
47	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
53	so	so	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **number** | imperative | you *not said here* | a army and horse for horse and chariot for chariot | thee |  |  | like the army | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | present · perfect | thou | the army |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 3 | **fight** | future | we |  |  | the plain |  | against chariots *= chariot* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | shall | we |  |  |  |  | than chariots *= chariot*; strong, surely *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **hearken** | past | army |  |  |  |  | unto chariots's voice | tree rules |
| 6 | **do** | past | army *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאַתָּ֣ה תִֽמְנֶה־לְךָ֣ ׀ חַ֡יִל כַּחַיִל֩ הַנֹּפֵ֨ל מֵאוֹתָ֜ךְ וְס֣וּס כַּסּ֣וּס ׀ וְרֶ֣כֶב כָּרֶ֗כֶב וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע לְקֹלָ֖ם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ כֵּֽן׃פ

[1 Kings 20:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:751` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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