--- title: 1 Kings 20:28 (JPS 1917) — And a man of God came near and spoke unto the king of Israel, and sa… · tree and pragmatics description: And a man of God came near and spoke unto the king of Israel, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because the Arameans have said: The LORD is a God of the hills, but he is not a God of the valleys; therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thy hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD.' 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, LORD, Arameans, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:754 # text = And a man of God came near and spoke unto the king of Israel, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because the Arameans have said: The LORD is a God of the hills, but he is not a God of the valleys; therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thy hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 near near ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 10 unto unto ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 18 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 20 Thus thus ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 saith say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 24 : : PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 25 Because because SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Arameans aramean PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 28 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 21 advcl _ _ 30 : : PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 31 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 ccomp _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 hills hill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 40 but but CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 41 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 42 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 cop _ _ 43 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 45 advmod _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 valleys valley NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 nmod _ _ 49 ; ; PUNCT : _ 53 punct _ _ 50 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 53 advmod _ _ 51 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 52 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 53 nsubj _ _ 53 deliver deliver VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 ccomp _ _ 54 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 57 det:predet _ _ 55 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 57 det _ _ 56 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 57 amod _ _ 57 multitude multitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obj _ _ 58 into into ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 59 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 60 nmod:poss _ _ 60 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obl _ _ 61 , , PUNCT , _ 65 punct _ _ 62 and and CCONJ CC _ 65 cc _ _ 63 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 65 nsubj _ _ 64 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 65 aux _ _ 65 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 53 conj _ _ 66 that that SCONJ IN _ 70 mark _ _ 67 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 70 nsubj _ _ 68 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 70 cop _ _ 69 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 70 det _ _ 70 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 65 ccomp _ _ 71 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ 72 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | a man of God | | | | | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | a man of God *not said here* | | | | | unto the king of Israel | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a man of God *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect | the Arameans | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | present | the LORD | a God but a God | | | | of the hills | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **is a** | present | lord | a God | | | | of the valleys | tree rules | | 8 | **deliver** | future | I | all great multitude | | thy hand | | therefore *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent multitude=Patient | | 9 | **know** | shall | ye | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 10 | **is a** | present | I | the LORD | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֹּאמֶר֮ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֠עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמְר֤וּ אֲרָם֙ אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־אֱלֹהֵ֥י עֲמָקִ֖ים ה֑וּא וְ֠נָתַתִּי אֶת־כָּל־הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּ֤דוֹל הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ [1 Kings 20:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.28/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:754` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.753/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:29 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.755/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.28/)