--- title: 1 Kings 20:31 (JPS 1917) — And his servants said unto him: 'Behold now, we have heard that the… · tree and pragmatics description: And his servants said unto him: 'Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings; let us, we pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel; peradventure he will save thy life.' Who acts: servants, we, kings, us. 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.759/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / [20:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.31/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 20:31 · JPS 1917 And his servants said unto him: 'Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings; let us, we pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel; peradventure he will save thy life.' **Who acts:** servants, we, kings, us, hadad · **What happens:** say, hear, be, let, pray, put · **To what, where:** merciful kings, thee, sackcloth, loins, life · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 20:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servants, we, kings, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:759 # text = And his servants said unto him: 'Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings; let us, we pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel; peradventure he will save thy life.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 3 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ _ 9 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 14 discourse _ _ 10 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 14 advmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 12 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 ccomp _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 24 merciful merciful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 ccomp _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 27 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 28 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 pray pray VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 parataxis _ _ 32 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 put put VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 xcomp _ _ 35 sackcloth sackcloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 36 on on ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 loins loin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 ropes rope NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 conj _ _ 42 upon upon ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nmod _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 conj _ _ 48 out out ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 49 to to ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 52 of of ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 nmod _ _ 54 ; ; PUNCT : _ 55 punct _ _ 55 peradventure peradventure ADV RB _ 58 advmod _ _ 56 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj _ _ 57 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 58 aux _ _ 58 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 59 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 60 nmod:poss _ _ 60 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obj _ _ 61 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 62 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: suggest - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | hadad's servants | | | | | unto hadad | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **hear** | present · perfect | we | | | | now | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **is a** | present | the kings of the house of Israel | merciful kings | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **let** | infinitive | us | | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **pray** | present | we | thee | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **put** | infinitive | us *not said here* | sackcloth | | our loins and ropes upon our heads | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Theme on loin=Destination | | 7 | **go out** | infinitive | us *not said here* | | | | | to the king of Israel; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **save** | future | hadad | thy life | | | | peradventure *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ עֲבָדָיו֒ הִנֵּֽה־נָ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ כִּ֗י מַלְכֵי֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־מַלְכֵ֥י חֶ֖סֶד הֵ֑ם נָשִׂ֣ימָה נָּא֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵ֜ינוּ וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרֹאשֵׁ֗נוּ וְנֵצֵא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אוּלַ֖י יְחַיֶּ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ [1 Kings 20:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:759` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 20:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.758/) - next →: [1 Kings 20:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.760/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 20:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.31/)