---
title: 1 Kings 20:32 (JPS 1917) — So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their head… · tree and pragmatics
description: So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said: 'Thy servant Ben-hadad saith: I pray thee, let me live.' And he said: 'Is he yet alive? he is my brother.' Who acts: servants, servant, I, me. 1 Kings 20:32 in JPS 1917 with its dependenc
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.760/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/20/) / [20:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.32/) / JPS 1

# 1 Kings 20:32 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said: 'Thy servant Ben-hadad saith: I pray thee, let me live.' And he said: 'Is he yet alive? he is my brother.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** servants, servant, I, me, king · **What happens:** gird, put, come, say, pray, let · **To what, where:** sackcloth, loins, ropes, heads, thee, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 20:32 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servants, servant, I, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:760
# text = So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said: 'Thy servant Ben-hadad saith: I pray thee, let me live.' And he said: 'Is he yet alive? he is my brother.'
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	girded	gird	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	loins	loin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	_
28	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
30	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	_
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	32	punct	_	_
32	hadad	hadad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	_
33	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	ccomp	_	_
34	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	ccomp	_	_
37	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	obj	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
39	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	conj	_	_
40	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	xcomp	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
43	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
44	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
47	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	_
48	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	52	punct	_	_
49	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	52	cop	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
51	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
52	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	ccomp	_	_
53	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	52	punct	_	_
54	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	57	nsubj	_	_
55	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	57	cop	_	_
56	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
57	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
59	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: other
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=other, act=narrate, indirect=0, polarity=none, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gird** | past | servants *= servant* | sackcloth |  | servants's loins |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | past | servants *= servant* *not said here* | ropes |  | servants's heads |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent rope=Theme on head=Destination |
| 3 | **come** | past | servants *= servant* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the king of Israel | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to king=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | servants *= servant* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Thy servant |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **let** | infinitive | I *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **live** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **is** | present | king |  |  |  | yet | alive *property* | tree rules |
| 11 | **is a** | present | king | my brother |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ עַבְדְּךָ֧ בֶנ־הֲדַ֛דבֶנ־הֲדַ֛ד אָמַ֖ר תְּחִֽי־נָ֣א נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֛אמֶר הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא׃

[1 Kings 20:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.32/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:760` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [1 Kings 20:31 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.759/)
- next →: [1 Kings 20:33 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.761/)
- ↑ back to [1 Kings 20:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.32/)