---
title: 1 Kings 20:34 (JPS 1917) — And Ben-hadad said unto him: 'The cities which my father took from t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ben-hadad said unto him: 'The cities which my father took from thy father I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria.' 'And I, said Ahab, will let thee go with this covenant.' So he made a covenant with him, and let him go. Who acts: Ben hadad,
---

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# 1 Kings 20:34 · JPS 1917

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And Ben-hadad said unto him: 'The cities which my father took from thy father I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria.' 'And I, said Ahab, will let thee go with this covenant.' So he made a covenant with him, and let him go.

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**Who acts:** Ben hadad, father, I, thou, thee, hadad · **What happens:** say, take, restore, make, let, go · **To what, where:** cities, streets, Damascus, Samaria, thee, covenant · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 20:34 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ben hadad, father, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:762
# text = And Ben-hadad said unto him: 'The cities which my father took from thy father I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria.' 'And I, said Ahab, will let thee go with this covenant.' So he made a covenant with him, and let him go.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	_
4	hadad	hadad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	restore	restore	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj	_	_
25	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
27	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Damascus	Damascus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
34	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
36	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
40	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
42	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
43	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
45	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	parataxis	_	_
46	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
48	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
49	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
50	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	49	obj	_	_
51	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	xcomp	_	_
52	with	with	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	54	det	_	_
54	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
56	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
57	So	so	ADV	RB	_	59	advmod	_	_
58	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	59	nsubj	_	_
59	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
60	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obj	_	_
62	with	with	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
63	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	59	obl	_	_
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	conj	_	_
67	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	66	obj	_	_
68	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	66	xcomp	_	_
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ben hadad |  |  |  |  | unto brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | past | my father | the cities |  |  |  | from thy father | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent which=Theme from father=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **restore** | future | I | the cities |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent city=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | shall | thou | streets |  | Damascus |  | for thee | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent street=Product for thou=Asset |
| 5 | **make** | past | my father |  |  | Samaria |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **let** | future | Ben hadad *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **go** | infinitive | thee *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with this covenant | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with covenant=Beneficiary |
| 9 | **make** | past | hadad | a covenant |  |  |  | with brother | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Product |
| 10 | **let** | infinitive | hadad *not said here* | brother |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 11 | **go** | infinitive | brother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֡יו הֶעָרִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־לָֽקַח־אָבִי֩ מֵאֵ֨ת אָבִ֜יךָ אָשִׁ֗יב וְ֠חוּצוֹת תָּשִׂ֨ים לְךָ֤ בְדַמֶּ֙שֶׂק֙ כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֤ם אָבִי֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַאֲנִ֖י בַּבְּרִ֣ית אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֑ךָּ וַיִּכְרָת־ל֥וֹ בְרִ֖ית וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽהוּ׃ס

[1 Kings 20:34: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.34/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:762` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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