---
title: 1 Kings 20:42 (JPS 1917) — And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because thou hast let go… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because thou hast let go out of thy hand the man whom I had devoted to destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people.' Who acts: king, LORD, thou, I. 1 Kings 20:42 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# 1 Kings 20:42 · JPS 1917

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And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because thou hast let go out of thy hand the man whom I had devoted to destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people.'

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**Who acts:** king, LORD, thou, I, life · **What happens:** say, let, go out, devote, go · **To what, where:** hand, man, destruction · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 20:42 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, LORD, thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:770
# text = And he said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD: Because thou hast let go out of thy hand the man whom I had devoted to destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nsubj	_	_
15	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	35	advcl	_	_
17	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
24	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	obj	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	devoted	devote	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	acl:relcl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
32	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
43	for	for	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
47	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | king |  |  |  |  | unto Israel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **let** | present · perfect | thou |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go out** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | thy hand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **devote** | past · perfect | I | the man |  |  |  | to destruction *goal* | vn dedicate-79 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent whom=Theme to destruction=Goal |
| 6 | **go** | shall | thy life and thy people for king's people |  |  |  |  | for king's life; therefore *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for life=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה יַ֛עַן שִׁלַּ֥חְתָּ אֶת־אִישׁ־חֶרְמִ֖י מִיָּ֑ד וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשְׁךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְעַמְּךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת עַמּֽוֹ׃

[1 Kings 20:42: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.42/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:770` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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