---
title: 1 Kings 21:9 (JPS 1917) — And she wrote in the letters, saying: 'Proclaim a fast, and set Nabo… · tree and pragmatics
description: And she wrote in the letters, saying: 'Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth at the head of the people; Who acts: heart. 1 Kings 21:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 21:9 · JPS 1917

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And she wrote in the letters, saying: 'Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth at the head of the people;

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**Who acts:** heart · **What happens:** write, say, proclaim, set · **To what, where:** letters, fast, Naboth, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 21:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:780
# text = And she wrote in the letters, saying: 'Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth at the head of the people;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Proclaim	proclaim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fast	fast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
17	Naboth	Naboth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | heart |  |  | the letters |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in letter=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **proclaim** | infinitive |  | a fast |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fast=Theme |
| 4 | **set** | infinitive |  | Naboth |  | the head of the people |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent naboth=Theme at head=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסְּפָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר קִֽרְאוּ־צ֔וֹם וְהוֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃

[1 Kings 21:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:780` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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