---
title: 1 Kings 21:14 (JPS 1917) — Then they sent to Jezebel, saying: 'Naboth is stoned, and is dead.' · tree and pragmatics
description: Then they sent to Jezebel, saying: 'Naboth is stoned, and is dead.' Who acts: men. 1 Kings 21:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 21:14 · JPS 1917

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Then they sent to Jezebel, saying: 'Naboth is stoned, and is dead.'

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**Who acts:** men · **What happens:** send, say, stone, be · **To what, where:** Jezebel, Naboth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 21:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:786
# text = Then they sent to Jezebel, saying: 'Naboth is stoned, and is dead.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Jezebel	Jezebel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
10	Naboth	Naboth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	stoned	stone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | men *= man* |  | Jezebel |  | then |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to jezebel=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | men *= man* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stone** | present · passive |  | Naboth |  |  |  |  | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ אֶל־אִיזֶ֣בֶל לֵאמֹ֑ר סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹֽת׃

[1 Kings 21:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:786` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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