--- title: 1 Kings 21:20 (JPS 1917) — And Ahab said to Elijah: 'Hast thou found me, O mine enemy?' And he… · tree and pragmatics description: And Ahab said to Elijah: 'Hast thou found me, O mine enemy?' And he answered: 'I have found thee; because thou hast given thyself over to do that which is evil in the sight of the LORD. Who acts: Ahab, thou, I. 1 Kings 21:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.792/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/21/) / [21:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.20/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 21:20 · JPS 1917 And Ahab said to Elijah: 'Hast thou found me, O mine enemy?' And he answered: 'I have found thee; because thou hast given thyself over to do that which is evil in the sight of the LORD. **Who acts:** Ahab, thou, I · **What happens:** say, find, answer, give over, do, be · **To what, where:** Elijah, me, thee, thyself, that, sight · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 21:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ahab, thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:792 # text = And Ahab said to Elijah: 'Hast thou found me, O mine enemy?' And he answered: 'I have found thee; because thou hast given thyself over to do that which is evil in the sight of the LORD. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Ahab Ahab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Elijah Elijah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 8 Hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 10 nsubj _ _ 10 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 11 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 O o INTJ UH _ 15 discourse _ _ 14 mine mine PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 enemy enemy NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 vocative _ _ 16 ? ? PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ 17 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 18 And and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 23 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 20 ccomp _ _ 26 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 25 obj _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 28 because because SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 nsubj _ _ 30 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _ 32 thyself thyself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch 31 obj _ _ 33 over over ADP RP _ 31 compound:prt _ _ 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 advcl _ _ 36 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 35 obj _ _ 37 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 38 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 39 evil evil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 acl:relcl _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed form=q, act=ask | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ahab | | Elijah | | | | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to elijah=Experiencer clause=Topic | | 2 | **find** | present · perfect | thou | me | | | | mine enemy *vocative* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Topic | | 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Ahab | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **find** | present · perfect | I | thee | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Topic | | 5 | **give over** | present · perfect | thou | thyself | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thyself=Theme | | 6 | **do** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | that | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | | 7 | **is** | present | | | | the sight of the LORD | | evil *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **sight** | | | the LORD | | | | | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ הַֽמְצָאתַ֖נִי אֹיְבִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מָצָ֔אתִי יַ֚עַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ֔ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ [1 Kings 21:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.20/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:792` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 21:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.791/) - next →: [1 Kings 21:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.793/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 21:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.20/)