---
title: 1 Kings 2:23 (JPS 1917) — Then king Solomon swore by the LORD, saying: 'God do so to me, and m… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then king Solomon swore by the LORD, saying: 'God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life. Who acts: king Solomon, God, Adonijah. 1 Kings 2:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 2:23 · JPS 1917

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Then king Solomon swore by the LORD, saying: 'God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.

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**Who acts:** king Solomon, God, Adonijah · **What happens:** swear, say, do, not speak · **To what, where:** me, word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 2:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king Solomon, God, Adonijah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:82
# text = Then king Solomon swore by the LORD, saying: 'God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
12	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	20	advmod	_	_
20	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	Adonijah	Adonijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
24	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Sub|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
27	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	against	against	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | king Solomon |  |  |  | then | by the LORD | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | king Solomon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | God |  | me |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* *a condition, not said to happen* | present · perfect | Adonijah | this word |  |  |  | against Solomon's own life | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשָּׁבַע֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה בַּֽיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה יַֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י בְנַפְשׁ֔וֹ דִּבֶּר֙ אֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃

[1 Kings 2:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:82` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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