---
title: 1 Kings 22:31 (JPS 1917) — Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty and two captains of hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty and two captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.' Who acts: king. 1 Kings 22:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 22:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty and two captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** command, say, fight, save · **To what, where:** thirty captains · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 22:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:836
# text = Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty and two captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Aram	Aram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	_
12	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	_
21	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	23	cc:preconj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obl	_	_
24	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	25	cc	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
28	only	only	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request, indirect=0

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | past · perfect | the king of Aram | the thirty captains of king's chariots |  |  | now |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent captain=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the king of Aram *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fight** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with small | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with small=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **save** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the king of Israel | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּ֣ה אֶת־שָׂרֵי֩ הָרֶ֨כֶב אֲשֶׁר־ל֜וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־קָטֹ֖ן וְאֶת־גָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃

[1 Kings 22:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:836` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [1 Kings 22:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.835/)
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- ↑ back to [1 Kings 22:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.31/)