---
title: 1 Kings 22:32 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaph… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said: 'Surely it is the king of Israel'; and they turned aside to fight against him; and Jehoshaphat cried out. Who acts: small, captains, Jehoshaphat. 1 Kings 22:32 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# 1 Kings 22:32 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said: 'Surely it is the king of Israel'; and they turned aside to fight against him; and Jehoshaphat cried out.

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**Who acts:** small, captains, Jehoshaphat · **What happens:** come, pass, see, say, be, turn · **To what, where:** Jehoshaphat, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 22:32 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small, captains, Jehoshaphat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:837
# text = And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said: 'Surely it is the king of Israel'; and they turned aside to fight against him; and Jehoshaphat cried out.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
14	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	_
21	Surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	ccomp	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
33	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	advcl	_	_
36	against	against	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
41	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
42	out	out	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | small |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | past | the captains of the chariots | Jehoshaphat |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer jehoshaphat=Stimulus |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | captains *= captain* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | small | the king |  |  |  | of Israel; surely *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **turn** | past | captains *= captain* |  |  |  |  | aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **fight** | to-infinitive | captains *= captain* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against king | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | Jehoshaphat |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְהִ֡י כִּרְאוֹת֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֜כֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט וְהֵ֤מָּה אָֽמְרוּ֙ אַ֣ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיָּסֻ֥רוּ עָלָ֖יו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם וַיִּזְעַ֖ק יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט׃

[1 Kings 22:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.32/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:837` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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