---
title: 1 Kings 22:48 (JPS 1917) — And there was no king in Edom: a deputy was king. · tree and pragmatics
description: And there was no king in Edom: a deputy was king. Who acts: king, deputy. 1 Kings 22:48 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 22:48 · JPS 1917

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And there was no king in Edom: a deputy was king.

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**Who acts:** king, deputy · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** king

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This is 1 Kings 22:48 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, deputy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:853
# text = And there was no king in Edom: a deputy was king.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	deputy	deputy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no king in Edom |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | a deputy | king |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמֶ֥לֶךְ אֵ֛ין בֶּאֱד֖וֹם נִצָּ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ׃

[1 Kings 22:48: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.48/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:853` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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