---
title: 1 Kings 2:31 (JPS 1917) — And the king said unto him: 'Do as he hath said, and fall upon him,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the king said unto him: 'Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the blood, which Joab shed without cause, from me and from my father's house. Who acts: king, thou, Joab. 1 Kings 2:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 2:31 · JPS 1917

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And the king said unto him: 'Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the blood, which Joab shed without cause, from me and from my father's house.

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**Who acts:** king, thou, Joab · **What happens:** say, fall, bury, take away, shed · **To what, where:** Joab, blood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 2:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, thou, Joab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:91
# text = And the king said unto him: 'Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the blood, which Joab shed without cause, from me and from my father's house.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	bury	bury	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
26	mayest	may	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
28	away	away	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
33	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
34	shed	shed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	_
35	without	without	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	from	from	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	obl	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
42	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod:poss	_	_
44	's	's	PART	POS	_	43	case	_	_
45	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  | unto Joab | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fall** | infinitive | the king *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon Joab | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon he=Location |
| 4 | **bury** | infinitive | the king *not said here* | Joab |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 5 | **take away** | may | thou | the blood |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme |
| 6 | **shed** | past | Joab | the blood |  |  |  | without cause; from me | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location which=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֲשֵׂה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר וּפְגַע־בּ֖וֹ וּקְבַרְתּ֑וֹ וַהֲסִירֹ֣תָ ׀ דְּמֵ֣י חִנָּ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁפַ֣ךְ יוֹאָ֔ב מֵעָלַ֕י וּמֵעַ֖ל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃

[1 Kings 2:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:91` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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