--- title: 1 Kings 2:32 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD will return his blood upon his own head, because he fel… · tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD will return his blood upon his own head, because he fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, and my father David knew it not: Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:92 # text = And the LORD will return his blood upon his own head, because he fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, and my father David knew it not: Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 return return VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 upon upon ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 10 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 because because SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 14 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 16 upon upon ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 19 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 20 advmod _ _ 20 righteous righteous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 20 conj _ _ 23 than than ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 28 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 34 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 36 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 appos _ _ 37 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 40 : : PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 41 Abner Abner PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 appos _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 appos _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 Ner Ner PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nmod _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 captain captain NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 appos _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 host host NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _ 51 of of ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 50 nmod _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 55 cc _ _ 55 Amasa Amasa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 conj _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 appos _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 59 Jether Jether PROPN NNP Number=Sing 57 nmod _ _ 60 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 61 captain captain NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 appos _ _ 62 of of ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 63 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 64 det _ _ 64 host host NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 nmod _ _ 65 of of ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 66 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 64 nmod _ _ 67 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **return** | future | the LORD | LORD's blood | | | | upon LORD's own head | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme | | 2 | **fall** | past | LORD | | | | | upon two men | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon man=Location | | 3 | **slay** | past | LORD *not said here* | fathers *= father* | | | | with the sword | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with sword=Instrument | | 4 | **not** **know** | past | my father | blood | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהֵשִׁיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־דָּמ֜וֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּגַ֣ע בִּשְׁנֵֽי־אֲ֠נָשִׁים צַדִּקִ֨ים וְטֹבִ֤ים מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וַיַּהַרְגֵ֣ם בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאָבִ֥י דָוִ֖ד לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֥א בֶן־יֶ֖תֶר שַׂר־צְבָ֥א יְהוּדָֽה׃ [1 Kings 2:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.32/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:92` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 2:31 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.91/) - next →: [1 Kings 2:33 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.93/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 2:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.32/)